Anatomy · Upper Limb

Axilla: boundaries, contents and applied anatomy

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  • Axilla (armpit): pyramidal space between the upper arm and the chest wall, bounded in front and behind by axillary folds.
  • Acts as a funnel-shaped passage for neurovascular structures between the root of the neck and the upper limb; its lymph nodes drain the upper limb and the breast.

Boundaries

  • Truncated four-sided pyramid with an apex, a base and four walls (anterior, posterior, medial, lateral); apex directed upward and medially toward the root of neck, base directed downward.

Boundaries of the axilla

Boundary

Apex (cervico-axillary canal)

Formed by
Clavicle in front, upper border of scapula behind, outer border of first rib medially

Base (floor)

Formed by
Axillary fascia; hollow bounded by anterior axillary fold (pectoralis major), posterior axillary fold (latissimus dorsi and teres major), chest wall medially

Anterior wall

Formed by
Pectoralis major, subclavius, pectoralis minor

Posterior wall

Formed by
Subscapularis above; latissimus dorsi and teres major below

Medial wall

Formed by
Upper four or five ribs and intercostal spaces, covered by serratus anterior

Lateral wall

Formed by
Tendon of biceps brachii (bicipital groove), coracobrachialis, short head of biceps brachii