Definition
Alcohol (ethanol) poisoning is the toxic state produced by ingestion of ethyl alcohol resulting in depression of the central nervous system.
Metabolism of Ethanol
Sites of metabolism: mainly in the liver (90–98%). A small amount is excreted through the lungs, kidneys and sweat.
Metabolic pathway:
- Ethanol → (via Alcohol Dehydrogenase, ADH) → Acetaldehyde
- Acetaldehyde → (via Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, ALDH) → Acetate
- Acetate → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
Rate of metabolism: average elimination rate 15–20 mg/100 ml/hour.