Identification is the determination of the individuality of a person, based on certain physical characteristics that are unique to that individual. The methods are grouped by how conclusively they can establish identity.
A. Complete (Absolute / Positive) Methods
These can establish identity with certainty.
1. Fingerprints (Dactylography)
- Fingerprint patterns are unique — no two individuals have identical fingerprints.
- They remain unchanged throughout life.
- Most reliable method of personal identification; useful in both living and dead persons.
2. DNA Fingerprinting
- Based on the uniqueness of the DNA profile.
- Most accurate modern method of identification.
- Uses: identification of unknown bodies, parentage disputes, mass disasters.