1. I-Shaped Incision
Method: Midline incision extending from the chin (or below chin) to the pubic symphysis.
Features:
- Simple and quick.
- Commonly used in infants and children.
2. Y-Shaped Incision
Method: Starts from both shoulders (or mastoid regions); the two limbs meet over the sternum and continue vertically down to the pubic symphysis.
Features:
- Most commonly used incision.
- Provides excellent exposure of neck and thoracic organs.
3. Modified Y-Shaped Incision
Method: Begins behind the ears or mastoid processes, passes down each side of the neck, joins over the sternum and continues to the pubis.