Anatomy · Abdomen and Pelvis

Anal canal: anatomy, sphincters, blood/lymphatic drainage and applied anatomy

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  • Anal canal: terminal part of the large intestine (3.8 cm long), in the perineum below the pelvic diaphragm.
    • Kept closed by an inner involuntary and outer voluntary sphincter except during defecation.

Location, Extent and Relations

  • Location: anal triangle of the perineum, between the ischiorectal fossae.
  • Extent: anorectal junction to the anal orifice, in the natal cleft, about 4 cm below and in front of the coccyx tip.
  • Course: passes downward and backward; puborectalis pulls the anorectal junction forward, producing a 90-degree perineal flexure.
  • Skin around the anal orifice is pigmented, thrown into radiating folds by the corrugator cutis ani.

Relations of the anal canal