Anatomy · Upper Limb

Arterial and venous drainage of the upper limb with clinical correlations

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  • Arterial and venous drainage of the upper limb:
    • Superficial and deep venous systems drain into the axillary vein.
    • The brachial artery continues from the axillary artery and terminates as the radial and ulnar arteries.

Superficial Venous Drainage

  • Two major superficial veins arise from the dorsal venous arch: preaxial cephalic vein and postaxial basilic vein, connected in front of the elbow by the median cubital vein.

Differences between cephalic and basilic veins

Point

Border

Cephalic vein
Preaxial (radial side)
Basilic vein
Postaxial (ulnar side)

Length vs drainage

Cephalic vein
Longer, drains less efficiently
Basilic vein
Shorter, drains more efficiently

Course

Cephalic vein
Snuff box, radial forearm, lateral border of biceps, deltopectoral groove
Basilic vein
Medial forearm, medial border of biceps, pierces deep fascia mid-arm

Termination

Cephalic vein
Axillary vein, via clavipectoral fascia
Basilic vein
Axillary vein, at lower border of teres major

Accompanying cutaneous nerve

Cephalic vein
Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
Basilic vein
Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm

Lower-limb equivalent

Cephalic vein
Great saphenous vein
Basilic vein
Short saphenous vein