Anatomy · Embryology and Genetics

Development of urinary system and common anomalies

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  • Urinary system (kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra) develops from intermediate mesoderm and primitive cloaca; kidney recapitulates pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros in succession.

Evolutionary History of Kidney

  • Three successive kidneys form in sequence: pronephros (cervical), mesonephros (thoracolumbar), metanephros (sacral, the permanent kidney).

three successive kidneys, ventral and lateral views Three successive kidneys, ventral and lateral views.

Three successive kidney stages (Table 20.1)