- Urinary system (kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra) develops from intermediate mesoderm and primitive cloaca; kidney recapitulates pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros in succession.
Evolutionary History of Kidney
- Three successive kidneys form in sequence: pronephros (cervical), mesonephros (thoracolumbar), metanephros (sacral, the permanent kidney).
three successive kidneys, ventral and lateral views Three successive kidneys, ventral and lateral views.