Definition
Euthanasia means the intentional ending of the life of a person suffering from an incurable or terminal illness in order to relieve pain and suffering. It is also called mercy killing.
Types of Euthanasia
1. Active Euthanasia
Death is brought about by a positive act.
- Examples: administration of a lethal injection; giving a fatal dose of drugs.
2. Passive Euthanasia
Death results from withholding or withdrawing life-supporting treatment.
- Examples: withdrawal of ventilator support; stopping artificial life support.
Other Classification
- Voluntary euthanasia — at the request of the patient.
- Non-voluntary euthanasia — patient unable to express wishes.
- Involuntary euthanasia — against the wishes of the patient.
Clinical
Medicolegal importance:
- Active euthanasia is generally not legally permitted.
- Passive euthanasia has been recognized under specific safeguards through judicial decisions.
- It requires strict legal and ethical scrutiny.
High Yield
Euthanasia = mercy killing. Active = positive act causing death; Passive = withdrawal of treatment.