After humanity, individuality, sex, age, stature and race are settled, the remains are examined for injuries, interval since death and cause of death.
Examination for injuries
| Feature | Antemortem injuries | Postmortem damage |
|---|---|---|
| Haemorrhage | Present | Absent |
| Healing | Healing reaction present | No healing |
| Fractures | Callus formation in fractures | Dry fractures |
Railway injuries — look for: multiple fractures, crushing injuries, comminuted fractures, dismemberment.
Estimation of time since death
- Condition of bones: presence of soft tissues, degree of decomposition.
- Environmental factors: exposure to sun, burial, water immersion, animal activity.