Forensic Medicine · Toxicology — Specific Poisons

Opium, Organophosphorus & Aluminium Phosphide Poisoning

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Opium Poisoning

Source: opium — dried latex obtained from Papaver somniferum.

Active principles: Morphine, Codeine, Thebaine.

Mechanism

  • CNS depressant; acts mainly on opioid receptors; produces respiratory depression.

Clinical Features — Classical Triad

  1. Coma — deep unconsciousness.
  2. Respiratory depression — slow, shallow respiration; respiratory failure in severe cases.
  3. Pinpoint pupils (Miosis) — most characteristic sign.

Other features: cyanosis of face; slow weak pulse; subnormal temperature; cold clammy skin. Terminal stage: respiratory arrest, death.

Postmortem Findings

  • Congestion of organs, pulmonary edema, cyanosis, froth at mouth and nostrils.

Treatment

  • ABC management — Airway, Breathing, Circulation.
  • Specific antidote — Naloxone (drug of choice).
  • Supportive — oxygen, ventilatory support, monitoring.