Physiology · Gastrointestinal System

Bile secretion and functions of bile salts

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Definition

  • Bile secretion is the formation of bile by hepatocytes and its modification by bile duct and gall bladder epithelium, comprising bile acid-dependent canalicular flow and bicarbonate-rich ductular secretion.

Bile secretedabout 1 litre daily

Bile Salt Actions

  • Bile salts are amphipathic and have a detergent action on lipids.
  • Bile salts, together with lecithin, solubilize cholesterol in bile, preventing cholesterol precipitation and gallstone formation.
  • Bile salts are themselves the most important choleretic: they stimulate further bile secretion.

Mechanism of Bile Secretion

  • Canalicular flow: bile acids and the Na+-K+ ATPase of hepatocytes drive bile flow into the canaliculi.
  • Ductular secretion: bile duct epithelial cells actively secrete a bicarbonate (HCO3−) and chloride (Cl−) rich fluid into the lumen.