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MBBS year 1
Physiology notes
The whole subject in the order it is taught, 124 topics. Open any one to read it.
General Physiology
- Homeostasis and feedback mechanisms
- Cell membrane transport and physiological significance
- Resting membrane potential and ionic basis
- Action potential and its propagation
- Body fluid compartments and regulation
- Acid-base balance and physiological regulation
- Osmosis, osmotic pressure and tonicity
- Intercellular communication and receptors
- Second messenger systems
Nerve and Muscle Physiology
- Synaptic transmission
- Neuromuscular junction and myasthenia gravis
- Excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle
- Sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
- Properties of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle
- Muscle spindle and stretch reflex
- Reflex arc and classification of reflexes
- Sensory receptors and sensory coding
- Nerve fibre types and properties
- Saltatory conduction
- Motor unit
- Isotonic and isometric contraction
Blood
- Erythropoiesis: stages, regulation and factors affecting it
- Hemoglobin: structure, synthesis and functions
- RBC functions and erythrocyte indices
- WBC classification, functions and leukocyte physiology
- Hemostasis: vascular, platelet and coagulation mechanisms
- Coagulation cascade and anticoagulant mechanisms
- ABO and Rh blood groups and transfusion principles
- Erythroblastosis fetalis
- Platelet physiology
- Plasma proteins
- ESR
- Blood volume and regulation
Cardiovascular System
- Cardiac cycle with pressure-volume changes and heart sounds
- ECG: principles, waves, intervals and clinical interpretation
- Cardiac output: determinants, regulation and measurement
- Blood pressure: determinants and regulation
- Baroreceptor reflex and long-term regulation of blood pressure
- Coronary circulation and its regulation
- Venous return and factors affecting it
- Microcirculation and capillary exchange
- Cardiac conduction system and pacemaker activity
- Exercise physiology and cardiovascular responses
- Circulatory shock: physiological basis
- Heart sounds
- Heart block
- Fick principle
- Stroke volume and ejection fraction
- JGA-renin-angiotensin system as integrated cardiovascular-renal regulation
Respiratory System
- Mechanics of respiration and pulmonary ventilation
- Lung compliance and factors affecting it
- Pulmonary surfactant and respiratory distress syndrome
- Gas exchange across respiratory membrane
- Oxygen transport and oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
- Carbon dioxide transport and Haldane effect
- Regulation of respiration
- Ventilation-perfusion relationships
- Hypoxia: types and physiological responses
- Work of breathing
- Dead space
- Pulmonary function tests
Gastrointestinal System
- Gastric secretion: composition, regulation and functions
- Gastric motility and gastric emptying
- Pancreatic secretion: composition and regulation
- Bile secretion and functions of bile salts
- Intestinal movements and their regulation
- Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, proteins and fats
- Defecation reflex
- GI hormones: gastrin, CCK, secretin and related functions
- Physiology of peptic ulcer disease
- Deglutition
- Fat absorption
Endocrine System
- Hypothalamo-pituitary axis and pituitary hormones
- Thyroid hormone synthesis, actions and regulation
- Insulin secretion, actions and regulation of glucose homeostasis
- Glucocorticoids: actions and regulation
- Adrenal cortex and aldosterone physiology
- Growth hormone: actions and regulation
- Calcium homeostasis and PTH physiology
- Cushing syndrome: physiological basis
- Diabetes mellitus: physiological basis
- Diabetes insipidus
- Tetany
Renal Physiology
- Glomerular filtration rate: determinants, measurement and regulation
- Renal clearance and its applications
- Tubular functions of PCT, loop of Henle, DCT and collecting duct
- Countercurrent mechanism and concentration of urine
- Regulation of extracellular fluid volume and osmolality
- Renal acid-base regulation
- Tubular glucose reabsorption and transport maximum
- Micturition and neural control
- Juxtaglomerular apparatus and renin secretion
- Cystometrogram
Reproductive Physiology
- Menstrual cycle and hormonal regulation
- Ovulation and its hormonal control
- Spermatogenesis and hormonal regulation
- Pregnancy physiology and maternal adaptations
- Parturition and role of oxytocin
- Lactation and its hormonal regulation
- Contraception: physiological basis
- Circulatory and respiratory changes at birth
- Placental hormones
- Physiological changes during pregnancy
Central Nervous System
- Ascending sensory pathways and physiological significance
- Pyramidal motor pathway
- Pain physiology and modulation
- Cerebellar functions and clinical physiology
- Basal ganglia and movement control
- Hypothalamic regulation of body functions
- Autonomic nervous system
- Sleep and REM sleep
- Memory and learning
- Cerebral cortex and higher functions
- Aphasia and speech physiology
- Muscle spindle