Physiology · Central Nervous System

Cerebral cortex and higher functions

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Definition

  • The association cortex (neocortex) is six-layered gray matter outside the primary sensory, motor and limbic areas, integrating information for higher functions such as language and cognition.
  • Four association areas: prefrontal, parietal-occipital-temporal, temporal and limbic association cortex.

Association Cortex: Location and Feedback Organization

  • Where each association area lies:
    • Prefrontal: rostral to the premotor area.
    • Parietal-occipital-temporal: between the somatosensory/visual cortices above and posterior temporal cortex below.
    • Temporal: extends from the lower temporal lobe to the limbic system.
    • Limbic: the cortical areas linked to the limbic system.
  • Feedback control: descending pyramidal-cell axon collaterals project via association neurons back to their own dendrites, the anatomical basis of feedback.
  • Thalamic afferents terminate mainly in layer IV.