Definition
- Diabetes mellitus: insulin deficiency or resistance leaves tissues unable to use glucose despite hyperglycemia, "starvation in the midst of plenty".
- Normal fasting blood glucose70 to 99 mg%
- Diabetes is diagnosed at fasting glucose 126 mg% or more, on more than one occasion.
Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
Etiological classification of diabetes mellitus
Category
I. Insulin deficient (Type 1 DM)
- Subtypes
- Immune mediated (Type 1a); non-immune mediated (Type 1b)
II. Insulin resistant or deficient
- Subtypes
- A. Polygenic (Type 2 DM): insulin resistance, β-cell failure. B. Monogenic: MODY, LADA, PNDM
III. Other specific types
- Subtypes
- Pancreatic disease; excess insulin-antagonist hormones; drug-induced; viral infection; genetic syndromes
IV. Gestational DM
- Subtypes
- Diabetes induced by pregnancy