Physiology · General Physiology

Intercellular communication and receptors

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Definition

  • Intercellular communication is the process by which cells signal one another.
  • Most hormones act by binding a specific receptor on or in the target cell, forming a hormone-receptor (HR) complex that triggers signal transduction.
  • Circulating hormone concentration is exceedingly low (10⁻⁹ to 10⁻¹² mol/L), so the receptor signal must undergo signal amplification to alter cell function.

Types of Intercellular Communication

Mechanisms of intercellular communication

Type

Direct

Mechanism
Via gap junctions between cells

Neural

Mechanism
Via synapses (synaptic transmission)

Endocrine

Mechanism
Via circulating hormones

Paracrine

Mechanism
Via locally released hormones from neighbouring cells

Neurocrine

Mechanism
Via chemicals released at a nerve terminal