Physiology · Special Senses

Visual pathway and physiological basis of visual field defects

7 min read

Definition

  • The visual pathway carries impulses from the retina through the optic nerve, chiasm, optic tract and lateral geniculate body (LGB) to the primary visual cortex (V1).
  • At the chiasm the two retinal halves behave differently:
    • Nasal fibers decussate to the opposite optic tract.
    • Temporal fibers stay uncrossed.
    • So each tract represents the contralateral visual field, the basis of the classic field defects.

Visual Pathway: Course and Decussation

Visual-Pathway Crossing