Volkmann's ischaemic contracture (ischaemic compartment syndrome): permanent flexor deformity of the forearm and hand following ischaemic necrosis of the forearm flexor muscles.
Aetiology and Pathogenesis
Caused by sudden complete occlusion of the brachial artery (e.g. tight plaster cast) or its laceration in supracondylar fracture of the humerus.
Occlusion causes ischaemia of the forearm flexor muscles, causing their paralysis within a few hours.
Forearm flexor muscles tolerate ischaemia for only 6 hours; beyond this they undergo necrosis.
Necrotic muscle is then replaced by fibrous tissue, which shortens permanently.