Anatomy · Embryology and Genetics

Fetal circulation and circulatory changes at birth

4 min read

  • Fetal circulation: prenatal blood-flow pattern in which the placenta, not the lungs, oxygenates blood.
    • Uses shunts (ductus venosus, foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus) to bypass the liver and lungs

Differences from Adult Circulation

Differences between fetal and adult circulation

Point

Oxygenation

Fetal circulation
By the placenta
Adult circulation
By the lungs

Pulmonary blood flow

Fetal circulation
Minimal; lungs collapsed, high resistance
Adult circulation
Full flow through expanded, low-resistance lungs

Portal circulation

Fetal circulation
Of little significance
Adult circulation
Significant

Course of Blood: Placenta to Fetal Heart

Sequence