Anatomy · Neuroanatomy

Thalamus: nuclei, connections and functions

7 min read

  • Thalamus: paired ovoid mass of grey matter, one on each side of the third ventricle, forming most of its lateral wall; the principal sensory relay and integration station to the cerebral cortex.
  • Size3.5 cm long, 1.5 cm broad
  • Lies above the midbrain (separated from it by the subthalamus), and is joined to its fellow by the interthalamic connexus (adhesion).

External Features

  • Each thalamus has two ends and four surfaces.

External features of the thalamus

Feature

Anterior end

Description
Narrow; tubercle of thalamus; forms posterior boundary of the interventricular foramen

Posterior end

Description
Expanded pulvinar; overhangs medial and lateral geniculate bodies and superior colliculi

Superior surface

Description
Floor of central part of lateral ventricle (lateral part); covered by tela choroidea of third ventricle (medial part)

Inferior surface

Description
Anterior part fused with subthalamus; posterior part free, forms inferior aspect of pulvinar

Medial surface

Description
Forms greater part of lateral wall of third ventricle

Lateral surface

Description
Forms medial boundary of posterior limb of internal capsule