Physiology · Reproductive Physiology

Menstrual cycle and hormonal regulation

5 min read

Definition

  • Menstrual cycle: cyclical reproductive change recurring about monthly in women, externally marked by periodic vaginal bleeding (menstruation); divided into follicular and luteal phases separated by ovulation.
  • Normal length: 28 days (range 21 to 35 days); each phase lasts 14 days in a 28-day cycle, and luteal phase length is constant regardless of cycle length.

Ovarian and Endometrial Changes Across the Cycle

  • Cycle length is frequently influenced by psychological, environmental, nutritional and social factors; the cycle physiologically ceases during pregnancy and lactation.

Differences between follicular and luteal phase