Biochemistry · Vitamins and Minerals

Vitamin A: biochemical functions, deficiency and toxicity

6 min read

Quick Orientation

Section

Definition

Objective
Understand the core idea
Keywords
Vitamin A, carotenes, 20 to 50 μg/dl

Chemistry and Forms

Objective
Learn the main facts and relationships
Keywords
vitamin A, retinoids, retinol

Absorption, Transport and Storage

Objective
Learn the main facts and relationships
Keywords
retinyl esters, carotenes, beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase

Biochemical Functions

Objective
Learn the main facts and relationships
Keywords
vision

Vitamin A and Vision: Wald's Visual Cycle

Objective
Follow the sequence and key control points
Keywords
11-cis retinal, all-trans retinal, retinal isomerase

Clinical Correlation

Objective
Connect the mechanism to clinical findings
Keywords
Night blindness (nyctalopia), Xerophthalmia, Bitot's spots

Definition

Vitamin A is a fat soluble vitamin present preformed only in foods of animal origin; its provitamins, the carotenes, occur in plants.