Physiology · Reproductive Physiology

Contraception: physiological basis

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Definition

  • Contraception is the use of methods that prevent pregnancy by blocking gamete production, gamete transport, fertilization or implantation.
  • Contraceptive methods are classified as temporary (physical, chemical, intrauterine, hormonal, natural) or permanent (surgical sterilization).

Classification of Contraceptive Methods

Classification of contraceptive methods

Category

Physical (barrier)

Examples
Condom (male); diaphragm with spermicidal jelly, vaginal sponge (female)

Chemical

Examples
Spermicidal foams, creams, suppositories

Intrauterine device (IUD)

Examples
Lippes Loop; Copper T variants; hormone-releasing devices (Progestasert, LNG-20)

Hormonal

Examples
Oral contraceptive pills (OCP); depots (subcutaneous implants, injectables, vaginal rings)

Natural

Examples
Rhythm (safe period) method; coitus interruptus; lactational amenorrhea

Surgical (permanent)

Examples
Vasectomy (male); bilateral tubal ligation (female)