Translation and protein biosynthesis | Biochemistry

Quick Orientation

Section	Objective	Keywords
Definition	Understand the core idea	Translation
Genetic Code	Learn the main facts and relationships	AUG, UAA, UAG, UGA, Wobble hypothesis
General Features of Translation	Learn the main facts and relationships	protein factory
Activation of Amino Acids	Learn the main facts and relationships	Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, aminoacyl-tRNA
Initiation of Translation	Learn the main facts and relationships	Ribosomal dissociation, eIF-3, eIF-1A
Clinical Correlation	Connect the mechanism to clinical findings	Sickle-cell anemia, Cystic fibrosis, Prion diseases

Section

Definition

Objective: Understand the core idea
Keywords: Translation

Genetic Code

Objective: Learn the main facts and relationships
Keywords: AUG, UAA, UAG, UGA, Wobble hypothesis

General Features of Translation

Objective: Learn the main facts and relationships
Keywords: protein factory

Activation of Amino Acids

Objective: Learn the main facts and relationships
Keywords: Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, aminoacyl-tRNA

Initiation of Translation

Objective: Learn the main facts and relationships
Keywords: Ribosomal dissociation, eIF-3, eIF-1A

Clinical Correlation

Objective: Connect the mechanism to clinical findings
Keywords: Sickle-cell anemia, Cystic fibrosis, Prion diseases

Definition

Translation is the biosynthesis of a protein or polypeptide in a living cell, converting mRNA's four-letter nucleotide code into protein's twenty-letter amino acid code.